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Following a series of unforeseen delays, the Bill finally completed its journey through Parliament on 16 December 2025. It received royal Assent on 18 December 2025, formally becoming the Employment rights Act 2025. The government can now proceed with its planned implementation timetable.
The Bill was last debated in the House of Lords on 10 December. Peers agreed to all of the Commons’ final amendments, with one exception: the proposal to remove the cap on compensation for unfair dismissal. Instead, the Lords narrowly supported an amendment to retain the cap in its current form.
As anticipated, the Commons rejected this amendment on 15 December and effectively asked the Lords to reconsider. When the Bill returned to the Lords the following day, they accepted the Commons’ position. However, opposition peers did obtain a commitment from the government to carry out an impact assessment before bringing forward the removal of the cap.
As a result, the government’s implementation timetable remains broadly unchanged.
Most of the previous administration’s trade union legislation will be repealed two months after Royal Assent. The first tranche of employment law reforms is scheduled for April 2026, including an extension of statutory sick pay coverage and the removal of qualifying periods for both paternity leave and unpaid parental leave.
Reforms to unfair dismissal law, specifically reducing the qualifying period to six months and lifting the cap on compensation, are not expected to come into force until 2027.
Further information on the government’s proposed implementation timetable below, though some elements may still be subject to change.
Jump to a section:
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Area of law under review |
What is changing? |
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Trade unions |
Repeal the Strikes (Minimum Service Levels) Act 2023. Repeal the majority of Trade Union Act 2016. Protections against dismissal for taking industrial action. |
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Area of law under review |
What is changing? |
|
Sick pay |
Right to Statutory Sick Pay (SSP) from day one of sickness, rather than day four, and from the start of employment Removal of the Lower Earnings Limit (LEL) so all eligible employees, regardless of earnings, will have access to SSP Employees to be paid SSP at a rate of 80% of their normal weekly earnings, or the flat rate, whichever is lower. |
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Collective consultation during redundancy |
The maximum period of the collective redundancy protective award will be doubled. |
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Paternity leave |
Paternity leave becomes a day-one right (removing the 26 weeks’ service requirement). |
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Unpaid parental leave |
Unpaid parental leave becomes a day-one right (removing the one year’s service requirement). |
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Whistleblowing |
More explicit definition of whistleblowing protections for workers who make a disclosure relating to workplace sexual harassment, by explicitly stating that such disclosure is a ‘qualifying disclosure’ and can attract rights under whistleblowing legislation. |
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Fair Work Agency |
The establishment of a new enforcement body, the Fair Work Agency (FWA). The aim is to offer a single place where workers and employees can seek help. |
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Gender pay gap and menopause action plans |
Voluntary requirement for employers with 250+ employees to publish action plans on gender pay gaps and menopause. |
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Area of law under review |
What is changing? |
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Trade unions |
Simplifying trade union recognition process. Electronic and workplace balloting. |
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Area of law under review |
What is changing? |
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Trade unions |
Strengthen trade unions’ rights of access. New rights and protections for trade union reps. Extending protections against detriments for taking industrial action. |
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Tribunals |
Extending the time limit to bring tribunal claims from three months to six months (no earlier than October 2026) |
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Sexual harassment |
Requiring employers to take “all” reasonable steps to prevent sexual harassment. Please note, this is a further change in addition to the changes under the Worker Protection (Amendment of Equality Act 2010) Act 2023 to take “reasonable steps” to prevent sexual harassment that comes into force on 26 October 2024. |
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Protection from harassment |
Introducing a new provision requiring employers to not permit harassment from a third party (such as a client or customer). |
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Tipping |
It will be mandatory for employers, when developing their tipping policies, to consult with workers at the place of business. Employers will also be required to review their tipping policy at least once every three years. |
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Area of law under review |
What is changing? |
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Trade unions |
Extend measures to address the malpractice of blocklisting (or Blacklisting” as it is referred to in the roadmap). |
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Collective consultation during redundancy |
New threshold test whereby employers proposing 20 or more redundancies ‘at one establishment’ OR a certain number/percentage of employees are affected across the employing entity must carry out collective consultation. This new threshold test is yet to be determined and will be set out in regulations. |
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Sexual harassment |
Introduction of a power to enable regulations to specify steps that are to be regarded as “reasonable”, to determine whether an employer has taken all reasonable steps to prevent sexual harassment. |
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Unfair dismissal |
Replace the two-year unfair dismissal qualifying period, with a six-month qualifying period. The compensation cap for unfair dismissal will also be lifted. |
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Fire and rehire |
Severely restrict employers’ ability to use fire and rehire by a change to the law so that, where employees are dismissed for failing to agree to a variation in their terms of employment, those dismissals will be treated as automatically unfair. There will be a very narrow exception if the employer can show evidence of financial difficulties that would mean the business could not carry on as a going concern without varying the contractual terms. |
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Zero hours and agency workers contracts |
Give zero-hours and ‘low-hours’ workers a right to a guaranteed hours contract which reflect the hours they regularly work. This will be based on a set reference period which is likely to be 12 weeks The reference period and definition of a low- hours worker will be set out in future regulations. The bill will also give zero hours and low-hours contract workers a right to reasonable notice of changes to shifts or working hours. Workers will also have a right to compensation that is proportionate to the notice given for any shifts cancelled or curtailed. These rights will also be extended to agency workers. |
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Flexible working |
An employer can only reject a flexible working request where it is reasonable to do so on one (or more) of the existing 8 statutory business grounds. |
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Gender pay gap and menopause action plans |
Mandatory requirement for employers with 250+ employees to publish action plans on gender pay gaps and menopause. |
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Rights for pregnant workers |
Becomes unlawful to dismiss a woman, while pregnant, on maternity leave and within six months of returning to work (with some exceptions). |
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Bereavement leave |
Introduction of a day-one right to at least one week of bereavement leave for employees. Bereavement leave will also be extended so it is available to parents who experience a miscarriage before 24 weeks of pregnancy. |
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Area of law under review |
What is changing? |
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Equal pay rights |
Introduce the right make equal pay claims to black, Asian and minority ethnic and disabled workers. Establish an equal pay regulation and enforcement unit with the involvement of trade unions . Ensure that outsourcing of services can no longer be used by employers to avoid paying equal pay. |
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Ethnicity pay gap reporting and disability pay gap reporting |
Make reporting on ethnicity and disability pay gaps compulsory for employers with at least 250 employees. |
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Area of law under review |
What is changing? |
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Paid carers leave |
Review of the Carers Leave Act 2023, including the benefits of introducing paid carers leave. |
Our HR experts can help you assess what applies to your business, update your policies and contracts, and create a compliant rollout plan. Learn more about MAD-HR’s Employment Rights Act Readiness Audit.
This article is intended for general information purposes only and does not constitute legal or professional advice. It should not be relied upon as a substitute for advice tailored to your individual circumstances. Please be aware that the law may have changed since the article was published.
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